贾小林,陶清瑞,王利军,王海春,张亮

• 1:西安测绘研究所
• 2:地理信息工程国家重点实验室
• 3:长安大学

摘要(Abstract)：

针对现有全球卫星导航系统性能评估无规范的评估标准问题,该文提出了以统一模型和算法为评估体系的方法,较详细的评估了全球卫星导航系统公开服务信号的基本性能,主要评估了空间信号误差、广播电离层模型改正效率及伪距单点定位精度等。结果表明:空间信号误差方面,伽利略最优、GPS和北斗三号相当;广播电离层模型方面,北斗全球广播电离层模型改正效果最优,GPSK8与NeQuick模型在低中纬度改正效果相当,北斗区域电离层模型在其服务区内具有较高改正效果;定位方面,北斗、GPS和伽利略静态伪距单点定位的三维位置均方根误差优于5 m,格洛纳斯优于10 m;动态伪距单点定位方面,北斗在中国境内定位精度最高;基于统一评估体系下,可以直观对比得到目前各卫星导航系统的性能差异,同时也为后续的建设提供相应的参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 基本服务性能;空间信号测距误差;广播电离层模型;标准单点定位

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（41874041）

作者(Author): 贾小林,陶清瑞,王利军,王海春,张亮

DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2021.01.009

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 刘艳亮,张海平,徐彦田,等.全球卫星导航系统的现状与进展[J].导航定位学报,2019,7(1):18-21.(LIU Yanliang,ZHANG Haiping,XU Yantian,et al.The status and development of global satellite navigation system[J].Journal of Navigation and Positioning,2019,7(1):18-21.)
• [2] YANG Y,GAO W,GUO S,et al.Introduction to BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system[J].Navigation.2019,66(1):7-18.
• [3] YANG Y,MAO Y,SUN B.Basic performance and future developments of BeiDou global navigation satellite system[J].Satellite Navigation,2020,1(1):1.
• [4] MALYS S,LAREZOS M,GOTTSCHALK S,et al.The GPS accuracy improvement initiative [C]//Proceedings of the 10th international Technical Meeting of the satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation,Kansas City,1997:375-384.
• [5] HENG L,GAO G X,WALTER T,et al.Statistical characterization of GPS signal-in-space errors[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation (ION ITM 2011),San Diego,CA:[s.n.].2011:312-319.
• [6] GRUBER B.GPS program updates[C]//Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation 2012(ION GNSS 2012).Nashville,TN:[s.n.],2012:521-537.
• [7] COOLEY B.GPS program updates[C]//Proceedings of the 26th international Technical Meeting of the satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2013),Nashville,TN:[s.n.],2013:537-554.
• [8] MONTENBRUCK O,STEIGENBERGER P,HAUSCHILD A.Broadcast versus precise ephemerides:a multi-GNSS perspective[J].GPS Solutions,2015,19(2):321-333.
• [9] REVNIVYKH S.GLONASS ground control segment:Orbit,clock,timescale and geodesy definition[C]//Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation 2012,ION GNSS 2012.Nashville,TN:[s.n.],2012:17-21.
• [10] HENG L.Safe satellite navigation with multiple constellations:global monitoring of GPS and GLONASS signal-in-space anomalies[D].California:Stanford University,2012.
• [11] STEIGENBERGER P,MONTENBRUCK O.Galileo status:orbits,clocks,and positioning[J].GPS Solutions,2017,21(2):319-331.
• [12] HU Z,CHEN G,ZHANG Q,et al.An initial evaluation about BDS navigation message accuracy[C]//China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2013 Proceedings.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2013:479-491.
• [13] 郭树人,蔡洪亮,孟轶男,等.北斗三号技术体制与基本导航服务性能[J].测绘学报,2019,48(7):810-821.(GUO Shuren,CAI Hongliang,MENG Yinan,et al.BDS-3 RNSS Technical Characteristics and Service Performance[J].Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,2019,48(7):820-821.)
• [14] LIU Wanke,REN Jie,QI Z.Accuracy assessment of BDS signal-in-space range errors in 2013-2015[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2016,38(3):1-6.
• [15] YUAN Y,OU J.An improvement to ionospheric delay correction for single-frequency GPS users-the APR-I scheme[J].Journal of Geodesy,2001,75(5-6):331-336.
• [16] YUAN Y,HUO X,OU J.Development of a new GNSS broadcast ionospheric time delay correction model (IGGSH)[C]//International symposium on GPS/GNSS.2005:1-8.
• [17] YUAN Y,HUO X,OU J.Two improved ionospheric empirical models based on GPS observations [C]//Dynamic Planet,Cairns,Austalia,:[s.l.],2005.
• [18] LUO W,LIU Z,LI M.A preliminary evaluation of the performance of multiple ionospheric models in low-and mid-latitude regions of China in 2010-2011[J].GPS solutions,2014,18(2):297-308.
• [19] WANG N,LI Z,LI M,et al.GPS,BDS and Galileo ionospheric correction models:an evaluation in range delay and position domain[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2018,170:83-91.
• [20] ARAI N,HOSHINOO K.Correction of ionospheric delay on GLONASS using the GPS navigation message[C]//Institute of Navigation,National Technical Meeting ‘Navigation 2000’,Long Beach,CA.1998:667-671.
• [21] YUAN Y,WANG N,LI Z,et al.The BeiDou global broadcast ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) and its preliminary performance evaluation results[J].Navigation,2019,66(1):55-69.
• [22] WU X,HU X,WANG G,et al.Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning[J].Advances in Space Research,2013,51(6):959-968.
• [23] NAVA B,COISSON P,RADICELLA S M.A new version of the NE Quick ionosphere electron density model[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2008,70(15):1856-1862.
• [24] PRIETO C R,ORúS P R,BREEUWER E,et al.Performance of the Galileo single-frequency ionospheric correction during in-orbit validation[J].GPS World,2014,25(6):53-58.
• [25] 张琳,曾子芳.伽利略卫星导航系统的初步性能评估[J].中国惯性技术学报,2017,25(1):91-96.(ZHANG Lin,ZENG Zifang.Preliminary performance assessment of Galileo satellite navigation system[J],Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology,2017,25(1):91-96.)
• [26] GE Y,ZHOU F,SUN B,et al.The impact of satellite time group delay and inter-frequency differential code bias corrections on multi-GNSS combined positioning[J].Sensors,2017,17(3):602.
• [27] LI Pan,CAI C,SANTERRE R,et al.Performance evaluation of single-frequency point positioning with GPS,GLONASS,BeiDou and Galileo[J].Survey Review,2017,49(354):197-205.
• [28] 杨元喜,陆明泉,韩春好.GNSS互操作若干问题[J].测绘学报,2016,45(3):253-259.(YANG Yuanxi,LU Mingquan,HAN Chunhao.Some notes on interoperability of GNSS[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographic Sinica,2016,45(3):253-259.)
• [29] GUO F,ZHANG X,WANG J.Timing group delay and differential code bias corrections for BeiDou positioning[J].Journal of Geodesy,2015,89(5):427-445.
• [30] MONTENBRUCK O,STEIGENBERGER P,HAUSCHILD A.2018.Multi-GNSS signal-in-space range error assessment:Methodology and results[J].Advances in Space Research,2018,61(12):3020-3038.
• [31] 张柔,胡志刚,陶钧,等.顾及不同天线相位中心改正模型的北斗空间信号精度评估方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2019.44(6):806-813.(ZHANG Rou,HU Zhigang,TAO Jun,et al.BDS singal-in-space user range error evaluation considering different antenna phase center offset models[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2019.44(6):806-813.)
• [32] 李子申,王宁波,李敏,等.国际 GNSS 服务组织全球电离层 TEC 格网精度评估与分析[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(10):3718-3729.(LI Zishen,WANG Ningbo,LI Min,et al.Evaluation and analysis of the global ionospheric TEC map in the frame of international GNSS services[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(10):3718-3729.)
• [33] 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室.BDS-OS-PS-2.0,北斗卫星导航系统公开服务性能规范(2.0版)[S].北京:[出版者不详],2018.(China Satellite Navigation Office.BDS-OS-PS-2.0,.BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Open Service Performance Standard(Version 2.0) [S].Beijing:[s.n.],2018.)