王淼,郭燕宾,杨旭东,张译,谢燕峰

• 1:北京市测绘设计研究院
• 2:城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

针对现有职住空间关系的研究难以在微观维度上有效促进大城市职住功能空间的均衡发展以及规划政策与现状发展存在的时序错位问题,该文以北京市为例,从房屋建筑使用用途的角度切入,运用空间自相关分析模型、热点分析模型和职住用地比三个评价方法,同时借用ArcGIS软件平台进行空间分析与可视化表达,探究北京职住空间在乡镇尺度下的组织特征。研究发现:北京市职住空间表现为聚类分布的空间格局特征,以首都功能核心区为中心,大致呈现出环状圈层分布,北京市职住空间的"热点区"在空间分布上存在差异,而"冷点区"在空间分布上基本相同,职住空间关系存在失衡,与规划目标存在一定的偏差。提出的研究方法从微观维度分析了城市职住空间的组织特征,促进了城市规划与发展时序的有效结合,可在特大城市的职住空间关系的研究中进行推广应用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 建筑用途;职住空间;组织特征;空间自相关;热点分析模型

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 北京高等学校卓越青年科学家项目（JJWZYJH01201910003010）;; 城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室经费资助项目（2019101）

作者(Author): 王淼,郭燕宾,杨旭东,张译,谢燕峰

DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2021.01.027

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 郭永昌.上海社会阶层空间错位研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.(GUO Yongchang.Research on the spatial dislocation of Shanghai social class[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007.)
• [2] 黄积小.基于多元数据下的上海职住空间错位研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2017.(HUANG Jixiao.Research on the dislocation of Shanghai job and residence space based on multivariate data[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2017.)
• [3] 张卓.新型城镇化视角下的北京“大城市病”治理研究[J].中国名城,2016(8):35-40.(ZHANG Zhuo.Research on the governance of “big city disease” in Beijing from the perspective of new urbanization[J].China Ancient City,2016(8):35-40.)
• [4] 孟斌.北京城市居民职住分离的空间组织特征[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1457-1466.(MENG Bin.The spatial organization of the separation between jobs and residential locations in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1457-1466.)
• [5] 刘伟奇.转型期开发区职住分离现象的空间影响分析:以南京江宁经济开发区为例[C/OL].[2020-08-22].https://www.ixueshu.com/document/dcbe02a0d190b b3fd48719c1346f24a6318947a18e7f9386.html.(LIU Weiqi.Analysis of the spatial impact of the separation of occupation and residence in development zones during the transition period-- a case study of Nanjing Jiangning economic development zone[C/OL].[2020-08-22].https://www.ixueshu.com/document/dcbe02a0d190bb3fd48719c1346f24a6318947a18e7f9386.html.)
• [6] 陈文峰.我国城市“职住分离”问题研究:现状、成因及对策[J].东方企业文化,2014(13):233.(CHEN Wenfeng.Research on the problem of “separation of job and residence” in Chinese cities:current situation,causes and countermeasures[J].Oriental Enterprise Culture,2014(13);233.)
• [7] 郑丽敏.北京城市居民职住分离影响因素研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2012.(ZHENG Limin.Research on the influencing factors of the separation of job and residence in Beijing urban residents[D].Beijing:Capital Normal University,2012.)
• [8] 张艳菊,陈清鑫,何国香,等.基于位置数据的城市居民职住分离现象及影响因素研究:以大连市为例[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2019,21(6):421-428.(ZHANG Yanju,CHEN Qingxin,HE Guoxiang,et al.Research on the phenomenon and influencing factors of urban residents’ separation of work and residence based on location data:taking Dalian as an example[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Social Science Edition),2019,21(6):421-428.)
• [9] 张学波,窦群,赵金丽,等.职住空间关系研究的比较述评与展望[J].世界地理研究,2017,26(1):32-44.(ZHANG Xuebo,DOU Qun,ZHAO Jinli,et al.Comparative review and prospect of the jobs-housing spatial relationship[J].World Regional Studies,2017,26(1):32-44.)
• [10] 纪凤仪,周尚意.三元空间辩证法视域下的职住空间关系:以北京城市规划为例[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(5):7-15.(JI Fengyi,ZHOU Shangyi.Relationship of living-working space from the perspective of trialectics of spatiality:a case study of several master plans in Beijing[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2019,39(5):7-15.)
• [11] 史亮,张鑫.北京市职住关系问题研究[J].住区,2013(4):124-132.(SHI Liang,ZHANG Xin.A study on the Relationship between working and living in Beijing[J].Community Design,2013(4):124-132.)
• [12] 刘志林,张艳,柴彦威.中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征:以北京市为例[J].城市发展研究,2009,16(9):110-117.(LIU Zhilin,ZHANG Yan,CHAI Yanwei.Home-work separation in the context of institutional and spatial transformation in urban China:evidence from Beijing household survey data[J].Urban Studies,2009,16(9):110-117.)
• [13] 杨润泽.我国特大城市居住:就业分离的测度及影响因素[D].上海:上海社会科学院,2017.(YANG Ruize.The measurement and influencing factors of residence-employment separation in my country’s megacities[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,2017.)
• [14] 唐棕华.职住分离空间结构与长距离通勤者的日常生活世界[D].北京:中央民族大学,2012.(TANG Zonghua.The separated space structure of work and residence and the daily life of long-distance commuters[D].Beijing:Minzu University of China,2012.)
• [15] 宋小冬,王园园,杨钰颖,等.通勤距离对职住分离的统计验证[J].地球信息科学学报,2019,21(11):1699-1709.(SONG Xiaodong,WANG Yuanyuan,YANG Yuying,et al.Statistical verification of home-work separation based on commuting distance[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2019,21(11):1699-1709.)
• [16] 李道勇.基于轨道交通通勤的北京市职住空间结构特征[C]//2018中国城市规划年会论文集(06城市交通规划).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2018:1002-1012.(LI Daoyong.The characteristics of the spatial structure of work and residence in Beijing based on rail transit commuting[C]//Proceedings of 2018 China Urban Planning Annual Conference (06 Urban Transport Planning).Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2018:1002-1012.
• [17] 英成龙,雷军,段祖亮,等.乌鲁木齐市职住空间组织特征及影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(4):64-77.(YING Chenglong,LEI Jun,DUAN Zuliang,et al.Characteristics of jobs-housing spatial organization in Urumqi city and influencing factors[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(4):64-77.)
• [18] 邹艳皎.武汉市就业空间结构特征及形成机制[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2018.(ZOU Yanjiao.The characteristics and formation mechanism of the employment spatial structure in Wuhan[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2018.)
• [19] 童晓琼.长沙市中心城区居民职住分离特征及其影响因素[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2013.(TONG Xiaoqiong.The characteristics and influencing factors of residents’ separation of job and residence in Changsha[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2013.)
• [20] 王炀,王伯勋.南京市主城区居民职住关系研究[J].美与时代(城市版),2019(8):1-5.(WANG Yang,WANG Boxun.Research on the job-living relationship of residents in the main urban area of Nanjing[J].Beauty & Times,2019(8):1-5.)
• [21] 周素红,杨利军.广州城市居民通勤空间特征研究[J].城市交通,2005,3(1):62-67.(ZHOU Suhong,YANG Lijun.Study on the spatial characteristic of commuting in Guangzhou[J].Urban Transport of China,2005,3(1):62-67.)
• [22] 周素红,闫小培.广州城市居住:就业空间及对居民出行的影响[J].城市规划,2006,30(5):13-26.(ZHOU Suhong,YAN Xiaopei.Relationship between urban residential space and employment space and impact on resident trip in Guangzhou[J].City Planning Review,2006,30(5):13-26.)
• [23] 郑泽爽.珠海市职住空间分布特征及其影响因素研究:基于高德地图兴趣点和交通传感数据的调查分析[J].规划师,2019,35(4):51-56.(ZHENG Zeshuang.Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of occupation and residence in Zhuhai:investigation and analysis based on interest points of gaode map and traffic sensing data[J].Planners,2019,35(4):51-56.)
• [24] ARTHUR G.Reflections on spatial autocorrelation[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2007,37(4):491-496.
• [25] LOFTIN C,SALLY K.Ward.Spatial autocorrelation models for Galton’s problem[J].Behavior Ence Research 1981,16(1-2):105-141.
• [26] 李森,黄晖明,许浩.空间自相关在江苏省国民体质监测中的应用[J].体育与科学,2008,29(1):76-79.(LI Sen,HUANG Huiming,XU hao.Application of spatial autocorrelation on national physical fitness surveillance in Jiangsu province[J].Sports & Science,2008,29(1):76-79.)
• [27] 王伟峰,钮亮,刘颖,等.基于Getis-Ord Gi～*统计的地区用电量多元空间聚类方法研究[J].内蒙古电力技术,2018,36(1):15-20.(WANG Weifeng,NIU Liang,LIU Ying,et al.Multivariate spatial clustering of regional electricity consumption based on Getis-Ord Gi*[J].Inner Mongolia Electric Power,2018,36(1):15-20.)
• [28] 郭燕宾,王淼,杨伯钢,等.基于空间信息的职住平衡评价指标构建:以北京城市副中心为例[J].北京测绘,2018,32(11):1267-1271.(GUO Yanbin,WANG Miao,YANG Bogang,et al.Construction of evaluation index of the jobs-housing balance based on spatial information:a case of Beijing city sub-center[J].Beijing Surveying and Mapping,2018,32(11):1267-1271.)
• [29] 张志斌,杨莹,居翠屏,等.兰州市回族人口空间演化及其社会响应[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):921-929.(ZHANG Zhibin,YANG Ying,JU Cuiping,et al.The spatial evolution of hui population and its social response in Lanzhou[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(8):921-929.)
• [30] 刘望保,侯长营.国内外城市居民职住空间关系研究进展和展望[J].人文地理,2013,28(4):7-12.(LIU Wangbao,HOU Changying.Review and prospect of research on spatial relationship between employment and residential location in domestic and abroad[J].Human Geography,2013,28(4):7-12.)